Limelight · Ballet

The Prodigal Son (1929)

Choreography by George Balanchine

Prodigal Son (Le Fils prodigue, Op. 46) is a one-act ballet made by George Balanchine to a score by Sergei Prokofiev, with a libretto by Boris Kochno adapting the parable in the Gospel of Luke. It was created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and given its premiere on 21 May 1929 at the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt in Paris, in what turned out to be the company's final Paris season and, per Susan Au, the last ballet of the Diaghilev era.

What is danced

The article itself does not describe steps, technique or vocabulary in any detail; it is a production and reception history rather than a choreographic analysis, so what follows is drawn from the article's synopsis rather than from step-by-step description. Susan Au's summary, quoted in the article, gives the narrative arc that the choreography follows: the Prodigal's 'rebellious departure from home', his 'seduction by the beautiful but treacherous siren, whose followers rob him', and his final state, 'wretched and remorseful', dragging himself home to his father. This confirms that the work is built around distinct dramatic episodes (departure, seduction, robbery, penitent return) rather than abstract divertissement, but the article gives no further detail on partnering, floor-work, or ensemble patterning within those episodes. The one point of movement-adjacent information the article supplies is that Prokofiev's own conception of the choreography clashed with Balanchine's -- he 'had envisioned a production that was "real"' and saw the Siren as 'demure', which the article says differed 'radically' from what Balanchine put onstage -- indicating the choreography departed from a literal, mimetic staging of the story, though the article does not specify how.

Context

The article situates the work explicitly at the end of an era: Susan Au 'writes in Ballet and Modern Dance that the ballet was the last of the Diaghilev era, choreographed the year the great impresario died.' It was made within the final Ballets Russes Paris season, with Balanchine still working under Diaghilev's patronage and in friction with his composer over how the story should be staged. The article does not describe the broader dance landscape of 1929 beyond this company context.

Staging history

According to the article, the role was created by Serge Lifar at the 1929 premiere, with a cast including Felia Doubrovska, Eleanora Marra, Nathalie Branitzka, Michael Fedorov, Léon Woizikowsky and Anton Dolin. Balanchine's own American Ballet gave the work's first public American performance in 1934. New York City Ballet premiered its production on 23 February 1950 with Jerome Robbins in the title role; Hugh Laing and Francisco Moncion also danced it before it dropped from repertory for a decade, then returned in 1960 with Edward Villella, who wrote about relearning the role in his autobiography. Mikhail Baryshnikov danced it with City Ballet in 1979, and Damian Woetzel performed it at his farewell performance on 18 June 2008; the article also notes NYCB revivals in the 2008 winter and spring seasons.

How to watch it

Watch for the shift the article itself flags: a story told through stylised episodes -- departure, seduction, robbery, penitent return -- staged in a way Prokofiev himself found insufficiently 'real', suggesting a deliberately non-literal, non-mimetic treatment of the parable rather than a pantomime retelling. The role of the title character and of the Siren are the ones to track across different casts and eras, as the article traces the part through a specific lineage of interpreters rather than through changes in the choreography's text.

Credits

  • composer: Sergei Prokofiev

Questions

Who created the title role of Prodigal Son?
Serge Lifar created the role at the premiere on 21 May 1929 at the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt in Paris, danced with the Ballets Russes.
Did Balanchine and Prokofiev agree on the ballet?
No. The article states Prokofiev, who conducted the premiere, was upset by Balanchine's choreography because his own vision of a 'real' production and a 'demure' Siren differed radically from what Balanchine staged, and he refused to pay Balanchine royalties.
When did New York City Ballet first perform it?
NYCB's premiere was on 23 February 1950 at City Center of Music and Drama, New York, with Jerome Robbins dancing the title role.
Is the ballet related to any of Prokofiev's other works?
Yes. The article notes Prokofiev reused the ballet's music as the basis for both versions of his Symphony No. 4, composed in 1929 and revised in 1947.
This entry was written from “Prodigal Son (ballet)” on English Wikipedia (revision 1284721127), used under CC BY-SA 4.0. The link points at the exact revision this text was written from, so it shows the words we actually used rather than whatever the article says today. Credits and premiere data come from Wikidata (CC0), cited per field.